What are currently called 'examinations' would have been called 'cheating' a generation ago

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Yes, I know I've said it before, but I'm saying it again.

Giving someone unsupervised work to complete is not an examination except where there is an atmosphere of trust, selection by trustworthiness; and very strong, public and actually-imposed sanctions against those who betray that trust.

Sans this, there is simply endemic cheating; such that the honest non-cheat is harshly penalized for doing their own work instead of passing-off somebody else's work (quite possibly their own teacher's work, such is the ubiquity of corruption) as their own; and the results of such evaluations become essentially impossible to interpret.

And that, my friends, is the world we live in!

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