The main source of mass media disinformation is in the frame.
No matter whether any specific claim is factual or a lie, we can be sure that all the facts, and interpretations of events, will always and without exception be falsely framed - because this has the effect of making the facts and interpretations irrelevant.
For example; most socio-political news is framed in terms of personalities, particularly of "leaders"; but there are no leaders in the sense being assumed.
The "leaders" who feature in media reports are all puppets - some are docile middle-managers, others are psychopaths, some are demented and/or psychotic... Different puppets serve different purposes for those with real power.
A favourite frame is (of course) that important events arise from the motivations and interactions of an assortment of leader-puppets. The resulting pseudo-drama - apparently - magnetically-attracts, endlessly-fascinates, and powerfully-motivates motivates almost-everybody in the world; to the point that most people shape their convictions, structure their lives, and base their hopes around these marionette-dramas.
Such leaders are never the source and implementing-force of real and important policies; indeed the real and important policies (and indeed events) are themselves outwith the media-mainstream frame - and must be inferred, and will probably never be known in detail.
The advantage of false framing is obvious... Because the official-media frame is always false (and the false frames are, anyway, changed whenever this is expedient) - then all analysis of problems, and suggested/ rational solutions of problems, are thereby rendered false - because irrelevant to reality.
False framing is therefore by far the most effective form of disinformation - and one that is literally impossible to combat within the mass media; since any true framing that happens to be featured (whether deliberately, or because or error or incompleteness of control) - is thereby itself framed as just-another theory... Itself to be discussed within the prevalent frame.
So long as people attend to, and attempt to influence, the mass media - they cannot escape the consequences of false framing.
Reality can be known (insofar as it is knowable) only by individual persons in person-to-person communication - and the "Alternative" media (no matter how genuinely outwith the Establishment) is nonetheless just another part of the System.
We need to accept that - here and now - in public discourse there is never "a critical mass" of people who are honest and informed on any issue.
Truth is only valued, hence pursued, by interpersonal groups of individuals; each one of whom is thinking intuitively and taking responsibility for his ultimate discernments and assumptions.
Because of false framing; anything institutional (or functioning institutionally, or aspiring to institutional nature) is necessarily system-assimilated as of now. This should be accepted and worked-around; rather than the endless round resource-wasting, futile, and counter-productive attempts (or recommendations) to build/ rebuild honest functional institutions.